In the second decade of the 21st century, Colombia showed remarkable results in the fight against poverty. Over five million Colombians lifted themselves out of poverty, and the inequality gap decreased. Juan Manuel Santos, in his book La batalla contra la pobreza, emphasizes the importance of Colombia's pioneering adoption of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI). This approach provides lessons for other nations, academics, and decision-makers. In conversation with Michael Stott.